Intellectual and Developmental Disorders
DefinitionSignificant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and a practical adaptive skills. It originates before age 18.
Conceptual: language-reading and writing- money concepts- self-direction Social: Interpersonal skills- responsibility- follow rules- self-esteem- obey laws- gulibility- avoids victimization Practical: eating-mobility- toileting- dressing- occupational skills- maintains safe environment- meal preparation- housekeeping- transportation- taking medication- money management- telephone use |
Characteristics |
Learning: slower less efficient- difficulty with metacognition- instruction with situations- concrete vs. abstract- monitoring own behavior
Adaptive Behavior: Difficulty adapting to environment- social skills with others- taking care of personal needs Academic: difficulty in reading comprehension- good survival skills- helpless behavior- failure of fear- delayed speech- artriculation problem- voice- gross and fine motor skills difficulty |
Classroom |
Behavior: model desired behaviors- use token economies- consistency of rules- keep schedule- have a "hands to yourself" rule- visual schedule- have a calming area- explain what is wrong in a few words(pleasant voice)- brainstorm better choices
Daily Living: Break down skills into steps- fade prompts to promote independence- teach material in relevant tasks- teach life skills- apply learning to other settings outside classroom- minimize distractions- model rules for safety outside, bus, and group- how to deal with dangerous situations Communication: Establish appropriate ways to communicate needs- if you do not understand, make sure you do- ask "yes/no" questions- model correct grammar- some students may require another form of communication- be patient when they are speaking Socialization: socialize with typical peers- group activities and clubs- directly teach social skills- acknowledge trying- provide opportunities to have responsibility- teach other students to ignore inappropriate behavior Academics: repeat instructions frequently- ask if they need further clarification- provide supportive learning environment- teach organizational skills- teach important vs unimportant- do not overwhelm with extensive instructions- involve families- maintain high yet realistic goals- emphasize success- immediate corrective feedback- relaxation and stress reducing techniques- extra time for test and assignments- hands on material- break longer- new stuff in small steps- avoid technical jargon |
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